Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Endothelial <i>Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Alpha1</i> Deficiency Potentiates Hyperoxia-Induced Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Pulmonary Hypertension.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Incidental IgA Glomerular Deposits in Donor Kidneys.

Kidney international reports·2020

Same author

Retraction: Inactivation of the Quinone Oxidoreductases NQO1 and NQO2 Strongly Elevates the Incidence and Multiplicity of Chemically Induced Skin Tumors.

Cancer research·2018

Same author

Retraction: NRH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 2-Deficient Mice Are Highly Susceptible to Radiation-induced B-Cell Lymphomas.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2018

Same author

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society.

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine·2017

Same author

Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection and Antibody-Mediated Rejection on Lung Transplant Biopsies: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society.

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Published on: October 29, 2014

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: histopathology.

Roberto J Barrios¹

¹Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Room M227, 6565 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rbarrios@tmhs.org

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine

|February 7, 2008

Summary

Diagnosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) can be challenging, especially in chronic stages. This review details histopathologic variations and diagnostic approaches for HSP, including hot tub lung.

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Pathology
Immunopathology

Background:

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) presents classic histopathology, but variations and diagnostic challenges exist, particularly in chronic cases.
Recognizing diverse histopathologic changes is crucial for accurate HSP diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the spectrum of histopathologic findings in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP).
To provide a practical diagnostic approach for HSP, encompassing newer variants like hot tub lung.

Main Methods:

Literature review synthesizing national and international research.
Incorporation of author's personal experience in histopathology.

Main Results:

Histopathologic features of HSP can vary significantly, complicating diagnosis.

More Related Videos

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Published on: June 17, 2025

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Published on: October 29, 2014

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Published on: June 17, 2025

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Chronic stage HSP diagnosis is particularly challenging.

Conclusions:

Confident HSP diagnosis requires integration of clinical, serologic, and radiographic data.
In chronic HSP, identifying poorly formed granulomas with specific fibrosis patterns aids diagnosis.
Specific fibrosis patterns include homogeneous linear and irregular peribronchiolar distribution.