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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an immunopathology review
1Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA. wodab@ummhc.org
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|February 7, 2008
Summary
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) is an immune lung disease. A T(H)1 dominant response and specific genetic factors may predispose individuals to developing HSP after exposure.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
- Environmental Medicine
Background:
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) is an immune-mediated lung disease affecting the alveoli and interstitium.
- Caused by repeated inhalation of organic dusts and certain occupational agents.
- The exact mechanisms driving HSP development and progression remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify current concepts in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
- To address unexplained aspects of HSP, including low incidence, acute episode triggers, and disease progression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pertinent scientific publications.
- Author's interpretive analysis of existing data and concepts.
Main Results:
- Individuals with a T(H)1 dominant immune response appear more likely to develop clinical HSP.
- Evidence suggests genetic factors, including MHC, TNF-alpha, and TIMP-3 polymorphisms, are linked to HSP susceptibility or resistance.
Conclusions:
- The T(H)1 immune response is a key factor in hypersensitivity pneumonitis development.
- Genetic predisposition plays a role in the susceptibility or resistance to developing HSP.
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