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[Severely retarded children in a defined area of Japan--prevalence rate, associated disabilities and causes]

H Suzuki1, M Aihara, K Sugai

  • 1Division of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, Tokyo.

No to Hattatsu = Brain and Development
|January 1, 1991
PubMed

Insights

The prevalence of severe intellectual disability in Japanese children is decreasing. Prenatal factors are significant contributors to the causes of severe intellectual disability.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • A study was conducted in a rural Japanese prefecture with a population of 880,000.
  • The study focused on children aged 6-14 years, totaling 102,000 individuals.
  • Severely intellectually disabled children were defined as those unable to walk or with IQs below 35.

Purpose:

  • To determine the prevalence of severe intellectual disability in a defined Japanese population.
  • To analyze the characteristics and associated disabilities in severely intellectually disabled children.
  • To investigate the etiological factors contributing to severe intellectual disability.

Summary:

  • The prevalence rate of severe intellectual disability was found to be 0.49 per 1,000 children (95% CI: 0.36-0.65).
  • This rate is significantly lower than previously reported rates in Japan.
  • Associated disabilities included cerebral palsy (62%), epilepsy (82%), visual impairment (42%), respiratory distress (16%), and feeding difficulties (32%).
  • Approximately two-thirds of cases were attributed to prenatal factors.

Impact:

  • The findings suggest a declining trend in severe intellectual disability prevalence in Japan.
  • Prenatal factors are highlighted as crucial in the pathogenesis of severe intellectual disability.
  • This research provides valuable epidemiological data for public health interventions and future research.

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