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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

The 3' processing factor CstF functions in the DNA repair response.

Nurit Mirkin1, Danae Fonseca, Samia Mohammed

  • 1Chemistry Department, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|February 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The study reveals that the CstF protein is crucial for DNA damage repair, linking RNA processing to DNA repair mechanisms and improving cell survival after UV exposure.

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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA damage triggers a coordinated response involving DNA repair, transcription, and RNA processing.
  • UV radiation affects both transcription and mRNA precursor polyadenylation in vivo.
  • The polyadenylation factor CstF's role in DNA damage response is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the polyadenylation factor CstF in the DNA damage response.
  • To determine if CstF is involved in DNA repair mechanisms following UV-induced damage.
  • To explore the connection between RNA processing, transcription, and DNA repair.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo studies using UV treatment to induce DNA damage.
  • Assessment of cell viability and DNA repair capacity in cells with altered CstF levels.
  • Analysis of RNA polymerase II ubiquitination.
  • Immunofluorescence to detect CstF, RNAP II, and BARD1 at DNA repair sites.

Main Results:

  • UV treatment affects both transcription and polyadenylation of mRNA precursors.
  • Reduced CstF levels lead to decreased cell viability after UV treatment.
  • Cells with lower CstF exhibit impaired RNA polymerase II ubiquitination and DNA repair defects.
  • CstF, RNAP II, and BARD1 colocalize at sites of repaired DNA.

Conclusions:

  • CstF plays a direct and active role in the cellular response to DNA damage.
  • CstF links transcription-coupled RNA processing to DNA repair pathways.
  • CstF is essential for maintaining cell viability and facilitating DNA repair after UV damage.