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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
08:30

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Published on: September 11, 2011

Patient dose in digital projection radiography.

Gaetano Compagnone1, Laura Pagan, Massimo Casadio Baleni

  • 1Medical Physics Department, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy. gcompa@aosp.bo.it

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|February 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Direct radiography (DR) offers lower patient radiation doses compared to computed radiography (CR) in projection imaging. Both systems provide comparable diagnostic image quality meeting European guidelines.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Radiation Dosimetry

Background:

  • Computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR) are the primary digital imaging systems in projection radiography.
  • Differences in radiation dose and image quality exist between CR and DR systems.
  • The study was conducted in a hospital's Radiology Emergency Department utilizing specific CR and DR equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare radiation doses (entrance skin dose and effective dose) between CR and DR systems.
  • To evaluate image quality of CR and DR systems against European guidelines.
  • To identify dosimetric discrepancies between CR and DR in standard radiographic examinations.

Main Methods:

  • Dosimetric calculations for entrance skin dose (ESD) and effective dose (E) were performed for five standard radiographic examinations.
  • Image quality assessment was conducted by Consultant Radiologists.
  • Comparison of doses and image quality between DR (Siemens Axiom Aristos FX) and CR (Kodak CR-850) systems.

Main Results:

  • Direct radiography (DR) demonstrated lower patient doses (both ESD and E) compared to computed radiography (CR).
  • All radiographic images acquired by both CR and DR modalities met the diagnostic quality criteria outlined in the European Guidelines.
  • Radiologists utilized images from both systems for diagnostic reporting.

Conclusions:

  • Direct radiography (DR) offers superior dosimetric performance over computed radiography (CR) for the examined projection radiography procedures.
  • Comparable image quality between DR and CR supports the use of DR for dose reduction.
  • The findings indicate DR is a more advantageous modality than CR from a radiation dose perspective in diagnostic radiology.