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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: interacting epidemics.

Esra Tasali1, Babak Mokhlesi, Eve Van Cauter

  • 1University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. etasali@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu

Chest
|February 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to type 2 diabetes, increasing risks for cardiovascular disease and glucose metabolism issues. Further research is needed to confirm causality and understand the complex interplay with obesity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a significant public health issue with substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • A high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • OSA is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to type 2 diabetes.
  • To highlight the potential independent association between OSA and glucose metabolism alterations.
  • To emphasize the need for clinical awareness and further research on the OSA-type 2 diabetes relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiologic and clinical studies.
  • Examination of experimental studies in humans and animals.
  • Analysis of the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation on glucose metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiologic and clinical data suggest OSA is independently associated with altered glucose metabolism and increased type 2 diabetes risk.
  • Experimental studies demonstrate that OSA-related factors (intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation) negatively impact glucose metabolism.
  • A strong correlation exists between type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should assess OSA risk in type 2 diabetes patients and vice versa.
  • Further well-designed, long-term studies are required to establish a causal link between OSA and type 2 diabetes.
  • Understanding the complex interactions between obesity, OSA, and type 2 diabetes is crucial for public health.