Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

Phase Changes

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Measurement of the spatial phase modulation of a ferroelectric liquid-crystal modulator.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Fabrication and simulation of diffractive optical elements with superimposed antireflection subwavelength gratings.

Applied optics·2008

Same author

Study of an ultrafast analog-to-digital conversion scheme based on diffractive optics.

Applied optics·2008

Same author

Beam steering with two ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators.

Optics letters·2007

Same author

Effects of vasoconstriction on blood viscosity in vivo.

Acta physiologica Scandinavica·1971

Same author

Effects of vasoconstriction on blood viscosity in vivo.

Acta physiologica Scandinavica·1970

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Self-adjusting dynamic binary phase holograms.

|April 10, 1997

Summary

This study investigates a dynamic diffractive optic element using a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Despite noisy feedback signals from vibrations and pixel bistability, the system successfully converged to a desired laser light beam intensity distribution.

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science
Information Technology

Background:

Optical systems often require precise control over light beam manipulation.
Diffractive optic elements offer versatile light shaping capabilities.
Spatial light modulators (SLMs) are key components for dynamic optical control.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate an optical system utilizing a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) as a dynamic diffractive optic element.
To assess the system's ability to achieve a predetermined laser light intensity distribution.
To identify and analyze noise sources affecting the feedback mechanism.

Main Methods:

Constructed an optical system centered on a ferroelectric liquid-crystal SLM operating in binary phase-only modulation.

More Related Videos

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Published on: February 8, 2014

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Published on: July 5, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) of Weakly-scattering Subjects

Published on: February 8, 2014

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

Published on: July 5, 2016

Employed the direct binary search (DBS) technique for iterative adjustment of the SLM.

Utilized feedback from the diffracted light to guide the SLM's configuration.

Analyzed noise sources including vibrations and SLM pixel bistability.

Main Results:

The direct binary search technique successfully guided the SLM to diffract laser light into a desired intensity pattern.
Identified system noise primarily originating from vibrations and limited pixel bistability in the SLM.
Observed that final diffraction efficiency is influenced by feedback signal noise levels.

Conclusions:

The investigated optical system, despite inherent noise, demonstrates effective convergence towards a target light intensity distribution.
Ferroelectric liquid-crystal SLMs are viable dynamic diffractive elements for beam shaping applications.
Understanding and mitigating noise sources are crucial for optimizing diffraction efficiency in such systems.