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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis
07:11

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Synthetic spectra: a tool for correlation spectroscopy.

M B Sinclair, M A Butler, A J Ricco

    Applied Optics
    |May 20, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary

    Computer-generated diffractive optical elements can synthesize infrared spectra for compounds like hydrogen fluoride and trichloroethylene. This innovation enables a new type of correlation spectrometer for rapid sample analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Spectroscopy
    • Computational Chemistry

    Background:

    • Traditional infrared spectroscopy often relies on reference cells for spectral analysis.
    • Designing diffractive optical elements for spectral synthesis presents computational challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the use of computer-generated diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for synthesizing infrared spectra.
    • To present a modified phase-retrieval algorithm for designing such DOEs.
    • To propose a novel correlation spectrometer utilizing DOEs for enhanced spectral analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and application of a modified phase-retrieval algorithm for DOE design.
    • Computational synthesis of infrared spectra for hydrogen fluoride (HF) and trichloroethylene (TCE) using DOEs.

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  • Conceptual design of a correlation spectrometer employing DOEs for reference spectra generation.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful synthesis of portions of infrared spectra for HF and TCE using computer-generated DOEs.
    • Validation of a modified phase-retrieval algorithm for efficient DOE design.
    • Demonstration of the feasibility of using DOEs to replace traditional reference cells in correlation spectrometers.

    Conclusions:

    • Computer-generated DOEs are effective tools for synthesizing infrared spectra of chemical compounds.
    • The proposed correlation spectrometer offers rapid and potentially more compact spectral analysis.
    • Storing multiple DOEs in a compact format allows for versatile and swift identification of unknown sample compositions.