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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
Published on: June 3, 2016
Long-term enhancement of synchronized oscillations by adrenergic receptor activation in the olfactory bulb
David H Gire1, Nathan E Schoppa
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Abstract:
The noradrenergic system is widely thought to be important for associative learning in the olfactory system through actions in the first processing structure, the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Here, we used extracellular local field potential (LFP) and patch-clamp recordings in rat MOB slices to examine norepinephrine (NE)-induced long-term changes in circuit properties that might underlie learning. During responses to patterned olfactory nerve stimulation mimicking the breathing cycle, NE induced a long-term increase in gamma frequency (30-70 Hz) synchronized oscillations. The enhancement persisted long after washout of NE (
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