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TSE pathogenesis in cattle and sheep.

Lucien J M van Keulen1, Alex Bossers, Fred van Zijderveld

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Prion Diseases

Background:

  • Rodent models dominate transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) research.
  • Limited studies investigate bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie pathogenesis in natural hosts.
  • Understanding natural host pathogenesis is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis of BSE and scrapie in cattle and sheep.
  • To elucidate the initial steps of TSE agent uptake and neuroinvasion.
  • To compare the distinct pathways of BSE and scrapie infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent insights into TSE pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of agent's journey from gut to nervous system.
  • Comparative analysis of BSE and scrapie infection routes.

Main Results:

  • TSE agents are ingested and cross the gut epithelium.
  • Replication occurs in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and the enteric nervous system (ENS).
  • Infection spreads via autonomic nervous system to the brainstem and spinal cord.

Conclusions:

  • The gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and enteric nervous system (ENS) are key sites for initial TSE replication and spread.
  • Autonomic nervous system pathways are critical for neuroinvasion in BSE and scrapie.
  • Differences in pathogenesis exist between BSE in cattle and scrapie in sheep, with potential for alternative routes.