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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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DeltaG(CH2) as solvent descriptor in polymer/polymer aqueous two-phase systems.

Pedro P Madeira1, José A Teixeira, Eugénia A Macedo

  • 1Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Dpt. de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|February 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The study investigated aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) for separating biomolecules. While methylene group transfer free energy (ΔGCH2) correlated with tryptophan peptide partitioning in most systems, it

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Biophysical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are widely used for biomolecule separation.
  • Characterizing the phase hydrophobicity is crucial for optimizing ATPS performance.
  • Previous studies suggest hydrophobicity correlates with partitioning behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine phase diagrams for various ATPSs.
  • To assess the correlation between phase hydrophobicity and partitioning of specific biomolecules.
  • To evaluate the utility of methylene group transfer free energy (ΔGCH2) as a universal measure of ATPS hydrophobicity.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and characterization of ATPSs using Dextran, Ficoll, polyethylene glycol, hydroxypropyl starch, and Ucon.
  • Determination of partition coefficients for dinitrophenylated amino acids, tryptophan peptides, and p-nitrophenyl monosaccharides.
  • Calculation of free energies of transfer of a methylene group (ΔGCH2) between coexisting phases.

Main Results:

  • Phase diagrams were established for multiple ATPS combinations.
  • Partition coefficients of tryptophan peptides correlated well with ΔGCH2 in 8/10 systems.
  • Partition coefficients of p-nitrophenyl monosaccharides showed similar correlations in 7/10 systems.

Conclusions:

  • ΔGCH2 is a useful indicator of hydrophobicity differences in ATPSs.
  • However, ΔGCH2 alone is not a universally applicable measure for comparing ATPSs with different polymer compositions.
  • Further research is needed to refine hydrophobicity metrics for ATPS optimization.