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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Risperidone and liver function tests in children and adolescents: a short-term prospective study.

Ayten Erdogan1, Nuray Atasoy, Hanife Akkurt

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey. aytenerd@yahoo.com

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|February 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Risperidone use in children and adolescents can cause asymptomatic liver function test abnormalities, primarily alkaline phosphatase elevation. Short-term risperidone treatment may lead to transient liver function changes in this population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Hepatology
  • Clinical Toxicology

Background:

  • Atypical antipsychotics like risperidone are increasingly used in pediatric populations.
  • Potential adverse effects on liver function in children and adolescents require careful monitoring.
  • Long-term safety data regarding risperidone's impact on pediatric liver health is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate changes in liver function tests (LFTs) in children and adolescents treated with risperidone.
  • To document the incidence and nature of LFT abnormalities associated with risperidone use.
  • To assess the relationship between risperidone treatment, weight changes, and liver enzyme levels.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 120 pediatric patients (ages 3-17 years).
  • Measurement of baseline and follow-up liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, bilirubin) after one month of risperidone treatment.
  • Assessment of weight changes during the study period.

Main Results:

  • 52.5% of patients exhibited asymptomatic increases in liver enzymes and/or bilirubin levels.
  • One male patient showed significant elevations in ALT (3-fold) and AST (2-fold).
  • Weight gain was observed in 57.4% of patients, with no significant association with LFT changes.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term risperidone treatment can lead to clinically non-significant liver function test abnormalities in pediatric patients.
  • Elevations, primarily in alkaline phosphatase, were common, while marked enzyme elevations were rare (0.8%).
  • Concomitant medications and age variations are noted limitations, suggesting further investigation is warranted.