Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients having atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular
Mihoko Kawabata1, Kenzo Hirao, Kouji Higuchi
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. mihoko_kawabata.cvm@tmd.ac.jp
Aims:
The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess characteristics of patients who had suffered atrial flutter (AFL) with 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) conduction (1:1 AFL).
Methods And Results:
Subjects were 8 patients (61 +/- 14 years) with documented 1:1 AFL, and 101 AFL patients without a history of 1:1 AFL (control patients). 1:1 AFL occurred during physical activity with a ventricular rate of 218 +/- 18 bpm. Antiarrhythmic agents were administered to all eight 1:1 AFL patients, whereas AV nodal conduction-suppressing agents were administered to four. The maximum ventricular rate at which 1:1 AV conduction occurred was significantly lower than when spontaneous 1:1 AFL occurred (164 vs. 218 bpm, P < 0.05). The 1:1 AFL patients had a significantly longer AFL cycle length (CL) (292 vs. 258 ms, P < 0.05) and more rapid AV nodal conduction time (maximum 1:1 AV conduction: 375 vs. 464 ms, P < 0.05) than did control. Arrhythmia had occurred in patients with an AFL CL > or = 250 ms and a CL of maximum 1:1 AV conduction < or = 400 ms.
Conclusion:
Clinicians should be aware of the potential for 1:1 AV conduction in AFL patients, especially in those with remarkable prolongation of the CL in addition to enhanced AV conduction.
Related Concept Videos
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

