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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution
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High-density optical recording using a solid immersion lens.

I Ichimura, S Hayashi, G S Kino

    Applied Optics
    |July 1, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary

    Solid immersion lenses boost optical pickup numerical aperture (NAeff), enabling higher data storage density. Configurations for both sealed and unsealed systems were explored, with experimental results aligning with vector field theory.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Data Storage Technology
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Conventional optical pickups are limited by their numerical aperture (NA).
    • Solid immersion lenses (SILs) offer a method to enhance NA.
    • Increased NA directly correlates with higher areal recording density.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the use of solid immersion lenses to increase effective numerical aperture (NAeff) in optical pickups.
    • To evaluate the potential for very high-density data storage using SILs.
    • To compare experimental results with theoretical predictions for SIL-based optical systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Attachment of a solid immersion lens to a conventional objective lens.
    • Development of two SIL configurations: one for sealed systems, one for unsealed.

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  • Experimental testing of SIL performance and comparison with full vector field theory.

    • Main Results:

    • A solid immersion lens configuration achieved an effective numerical aperture (NAeff) of 1.7.
    • This configuration demonstrated potential for very high-density optical data storage.
    • An unsealed system configuration extended the spatial cutoff frequency by 1.5 times.

    Conclusions:

    • Solid immersion lenses significantly enhance optical pickup performance for data storage.
    • Both sealed and unsealed SIL systems offer viable pathways to increased recording density.
    • Experimental findings validate the theoretical models for SIL imaging systems.