Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...

P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

LC Circuits

LC Circuits

An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...

Biasing of P-N Junction

Biasing of P-N Junction

The operation of a p-n junction diode involves various biasing conditions, including forward bias, reverse bias, and equilibrium.
In equilibrium, no external voltage is applied across the p-n junction. The depletion region is formed at the junction interface due to the diffusion of carriers, which leaves behind charged dopants, acceptors on the p-side, and donors on the n-side. These immobile charges create an electric field that prevents further diffusion of carriers. The related energy band...

Bipolar Junction Transistor

Bipolar Junction Transistor

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are essential elements in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in the functionality of amplifiers, memories, and microprocessors. These transistors can be designed as NPN or PNP based on their doping patterns. They consist of three layers: the emitter, base, and collector. The configuration of these layers and their respective doping levels—with N-type or P-type impurities—define the transistor's type and its operational characteristics.
The structure...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Development of a multidisciplinary syllabus to support the education and training of roles in cystic fibrosis care: An ECFS Education initiative.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2025

Same author

What are 'dark kitchens'? A consensus definition from public, local authority, business and academic stakeholders in the United Kingdom.

Perspectives in public health·2025

Same author

The inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities in health research - challenges, barriers and opportunities: a mixed-method study among stakeholders in England.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR·2023

Same author

Dose adjustments of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in response to mental health side effects in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2022

Same author

RADON REDUCTION IN NEW HOMES.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2021

Same author

Use of ceftazidime/avibactam for the treatment of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex infections in cystic fibrosis: a case series.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Multimode polymeric Y junctions for star couplers in backplane optical interconnect.

D Israel, R Baets, M J Goodwin

|July 20, 1997

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers designed and analyzed multimode polymeric Y junctions for 50:50 light splitting. The best performance was achieved using S-bend waveguides, matching modeling predictions with experimental results.

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Published on: January 29, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Published on: January 29, 2013

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science

Background:

Multimode Y junctions are essential optical components for signal splitting.
Designing efficient Y junctions with precise splitting ratios is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and analyze the performance of three different multimode polymeric Y junctions.
To achieve a 50:50 splitting ratio in polymeric Y junctions.
To compare ray tracing modeling with experimental measurements.

Main Methods:

Design of three multimode polymeric Y junctions.
Performance analysis using ray tracing simulations.
Experimental validation through optical measurements.

Main Results:

All designed Y junctions demonstrated a 50:50 splitting ratio.
Ray tracing modeling results showed good agreement with experimental measurements.
The Y junction incorporating S-bends with 50% widths exhibited the optimal performance.

Conclusions:

Polymeric Y junctions with S-bend waveguides offer efficient 50:50 light splitting.
Ray tracing is a reliable method for predicting the performance of such optical devices.
The design of waveguide geometry significantly impacts Y junction performance.