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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of OpAmp01:17

Characteristics of OpAmp

The operational amplifier, commonly known as an op-amp, is a specially designed electronic circuit component. Its purpose is to work in conjunction with other circuit elements to execute a defined signal-processing operation. Consider an equivalent circuit model of an op-amp, as depicted in Figure 1; the output section comprises a voltage-controlled source in parallel with the output resistance Ro.
Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
Operational Amplifiers01:17

Operational Amplifiers

The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...
Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps01:20

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

In an inverting amplifier, the input voltage is connected through a resistor to the inverting terminal. Meanwhile, the non-inverting terminal is grounded and a feedback resistor is established between the inverting and output terminal, as depicted in Figure 1.
Second-order Op Amp Circuits01:19

Second-order Op Amp Circuits

Implementing second-order low-pass filters in audio systems is crucial in refining audio signals by eliminating undesirable high-frequency noise. These filters typically involve second-order op-amp circuits configured as voltage followers, encompassing two nodes with distinct storage elements.
The analysis of such circuits follows a systematic approach, similar to the second-order RLC circuits. In practical scenarios, bulky inductors are rarely employed due to their size and weight. This means...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Simple, high-performance type II ?-BaB 2 O 4 optical parametric oscillator.

S Wu, G A Blake, Z Sun

    Applied Optics
    |August 20, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a versatile optical parametric oscillator (OPO) using beta-barium borate (BBO) crystals. It achieves broad wavelength coverage and high efficiency for laser applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Laser Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are crucial tunable light sources.
    • Beta-barium borate (BBO) is a widely used nonlinear optical crystal.
    • Efficiently generating tunable visible and near-infrared light is essential for various spectroscopic and photonic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize a highly efficient visible/near-IR optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
    • To achieve broad wavelength tunability using a single set of optics.
    • To investigate the performance of type II phase matching in BBO for OPO applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized type II phase matching in beta-barium borate (BBO) crystals for OPO construction.
    • Pumped the OPO at 355 nm using a standard Nd:YAG laser system.

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  • Employed three type I BBO crystals for frequency doubling to extend the tuning range.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved complete wavelength coverage from 410 to 2500 nm with a single OPO cavity.
    • Obtained output efficiency exceeding 25% and a narrow linewidth (<1-2 cm⁻¹).
    • Extended the tuning range to 208-415 nm with high doubling efficiencies (up to 40%).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed BBO-based OPO offers a highly efficient and broadly tunable light source.
    • The system demonstrates excellent performance without complex optical elements like gratings or etalons.
    • The study highlights the effectiveness of type II phase matching in BBO for advanced OPO designs.