Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gas Solubility

Gas Solubility

Gas solubility in liquids forms liquid-gas solutions, such as soft drinks, where carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, and the ocean, where the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide supports marine life. The ability of oceans to dissolve gases impacts weather conditions in the troposphere.However, gas-liquid interactions vary. For instance, hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, while oxygen's solubility is much lower. Because these solutions are non-ideal, Raoult’s law, which...

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.

Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation

Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation

An oxygen-based nucleophile, like water, can undergo addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction leads to the formation of hydrates, also referred to as 1,1-diols or geminal diols.
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ammonium fluoride's analogy to ice: Possibilities and limitations.

The Journal of chemical physics·2021

Same author

Transition from Gas-like to Liquid-like Behavior in Supercritical N<sub>2</sub>.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2019

Same author

Ostwald's rule of stages and metastable transitions in the hydrogen-water system at high pressure.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2018

Same author

Magnetic and structural changes in LaCo<sub>0.9</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at high pressure.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2017

Same author

Topologically frustrated ionisation in a water-ammonia ice mixture.

Nature communications·2017

Same author

Urea and deuterium mixtures at high pressures.

The Journal of chemical physics·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Published on: May 26, 2021

High-pressure gas hydrates.

J S Loveday¹, R J Nelmes

¹SUPA, School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, UKEH9 3JZ.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|February 9, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-pressure gas hydrates, including clathrate hydrates, exhibit surprising structural stability. Contrary to expectations, they transform into new structures rather than dissociating at pressures around 1 GPa.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Published on: March 21, 2016

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Published on: May 26, 2021

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Published on: March 21, 2016

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

A Microfluidic Approach for the Study of Ice and Clathrate Hydrate Crystallization

Published on: August 18, 2022

Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Materials Science
Geophysics

Background:

Gas hydrates, particularly clathrate hydrates, involve gas molecules within water cages.
Hydrogen and helium form unique 'exotic' hydrates with ice-based structures.
Clathrate hydrates are significant in nature, industry, and understanding water-guest interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review research on gas hydrates at pressures exceeding 0.5 GPa.
To identify common structural transformations and trends in high-pressure hydrates.
To highlight areas requiring further investigation in hydrate science.

Main Methods:

Review of experimental studies on gas hydrates at high pressures (>0.5 GPa).
Analysis of structural rearrangements and phase transitions.
Comparison of observed hydrate structures with theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

Contrary to previous expectations, clathrate hydrates do not dissociate at ~1 GPa.
Gas hydrate systems undergo structural rearrangements to new, high-pressure stable phases.
Observed stability extends to significantly higher pressures than previously calculated.

Conclusions:

The stability of gas hydrates at high pressures is greater than anticipated.
New hydrate structures emerge and persist under extreme pressure conditions.
Further research is needed to fully understand these high-pressure hydrate transformations and structures.