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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

Published on: September 27, 2017

Obesity and pregnancy.

A Dixit¹, J C Girling

¹Maternal Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster and West Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

|February 9, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity in pregnancy poses significant risks to both mothers and fetuses, including gestational diabetes and stillbirth. Preconception counseling and weight management are crucial for high-risk pregnancies.

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A Primary Human Trophoblast Model to Study the Effect of Inflammation Associated with Maternal Obesity on Regulation of Autophagy in the Placenta

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Published on: September 27, 2017

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

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Swimming Exercise Protocol and Care Methods for Pregnant Rats

Swimming Exercise Protocol and Care Methods for Pregnant Rats

Published on: April 5, 2024

Area of Science:

Reproductive health
Maternal-fetal medicine
Public health

Background:

Obesity is a growing global health concern, increasingly identified as a significant risk factor in pregnancy.
Managing obesity preconceptionally is vital for mitigating pregnancy-related complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the multifaceted risks associated with obesity during pregnancy.
To emphasize the need for preconception counseling and weight management strategies.
To advocate for the development of specific management guidelines for pregnant individuals with obesity.

Main Methods:

Literature review on maternal and fetal outcomes in obese pregnancies.
Analysis of risks including gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, operative delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and thromboembolic complications.
Examination of fetal risks such as miscarriage, neural-tube defects, macrosomia, and stillbirth.

Main Results:

Obesity significantly elevates maternal risks, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and increased operative delivery rates.
Fetal complications associated with maternal obesity encompass miscarriage, neural-tube defects, macrosomia, and stillbirth.
Bariatric surgery may be a consideration for some women prior to conception.

Conclusions:

Pregnancy in women with obesity presents a high-risk scenario requiring specialized obstetric care.
Preconception counseling and active weight management are essential for improving outcomes.
Obstetric units must implement robust guidelines for managing pregnancies affected by obesity.