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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Embryonic Connective Tissues01:20

Embryonic Connective Tissues

During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development. Mesenchyme is...
The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.Composition of the Extracellular MatrixThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse molecules.
The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Comparative Study of Basement-Membrane Matrices for Human Stem Cell Maintenance and Intestinal Organoid Generation
06:38

Comparative Study of Basement-Membrane Matrices for Human Stem Cell Maintenance and Intestinal Organoid Generation

Published on: March 15, 2024

Acellular matrices derived from differentiating embryonic stem cells.

Rekha Nair1, Shreya Shukla, Todd C McDevitt

  • 1The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|February 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a method to create acellular extracellular matrices from embryonic stem cell aggregates. These acellular matrices retain valuable biomolecules for regenerative medicine applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate into all somatic cell types, making them valuable for regenerative medicine.
  • Embryoid bodies (EBs), 3D ESC aggregates, mimic early tissue development and morphogenesis.
  • ESCs secrete biomolecules that may guide tissue regeneration in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To acellularize EBs at various differentiation stages.
  • To extract extracellular matrices (ECMs) containing ESC-derived biomolecules.
  • To enable temporal modulation of acellular ECM composition for regenerative therapies.

Main Methods:

  • EBs were treated with Triton X-100 and DNase to remove cellular components.
  • DNA and protein content were quantified before and after acellularization.
  • ECM components were analyzed for retention after treatment.

Main Results:

  • Acellularization significantly reduced EB cellularity and eliminated viability.
  • 69-75% of DNA was removed, while 15-25% of proteins were retained.
  • Key extracellular matrix components were successfully retained after acellularization.

Conclusions:

  • Successful EB acellularization allows for temporal control over ECM composition.
  • Acellular EB-derived matrices offer a novel source of biomolecular cues from differentiating ESCs.
  • This technology holds potential for advancing regenerative medicine therapies.