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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Orthogonal Trajectories01:26

Orthogonal Trajectories

Orthogonal trajectories describe the geometric relationship between two families of curves that intersect each other at right angles. One illustrative case involves a family of parabolas that open sideways along the x-axis. These curves share a common shape but differ by a scaling parameter, resulting in a set of curves that all pass through the origin and widen at different rates.Determining Orthogonal TrajectoriesTo identify the orthogonal trajectories for these parabolas, the first step...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

[Orbital trauma].

Andrzej Skorek1, Czesław Stankiewicz, Dariusz Babiński

  • 1Katedra i Klinika Chorób Uszu, Nosa, Gardła i Krtani AM w Gdańsku.

Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish Otolaryngology
|February 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Optimal surgical outcomes for orbital fractures are achieved with early intervention, ideally within 14 days. Delayed treatment for orbital fractures significantly reduces recovery rates.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Trauma Surgery

Context:

  • Orbital fractures, particularly those involving medial and inferior walls, present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Dislocation of orbital contents into adjacent sinuses (maxillary, ethmoid) can occur.
  • Determining the optimal timing and surgical technique is crucial for managing these complex fractures.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical interventions for medial and inferior orbital wall fractures.
  • To identify factors influencing surgical outcomes in patients with orbital fractures.
  • To establish guidelines for the surgical management of orbital fractures based on treatment timing.

Summary:

  • A retrospective analysis of 23 orbital fracture cases treated between 1999 and 2005.

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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System
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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System
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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

Published on: May 12, 2011

  • External ethmoidectomy for medial wall fractures and transantral approach for inferior wall fractures were employed.
  • Surgical techniques included repositioning orbital tissue and using bone grafts or cement for reconstruction.
  • Impact:

    • Achieved a 91% recovery rate in patients treated within 14 days.
    • Demonstrated significantly poorer outcomes in cases treated after 60 days.
    • Highlights the importance of timely surgical intervention and post-operative rehabilitation for successful orbital fracture management.