[International comparison of the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease]

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Kawasaki disease is a significant pediatric illness with a global distribution.
• The disease has been reported in over 60 countries, with incidence potentially underestimated.
• Understanding the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize the epidemiological data of Kawasaki disease from scientific literature published since 2000.
• To identify trends in incidence rates and geographical distribution.
• To compare basic epidemiological characteristics across different countries.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Kawasaki Disease Database at Jichi Medical University.
• Articles published from the year 2000 onwards were reviewed.
• The search focused on epidemiological aspects, though some related articles may have been missed.

Main Results:

• Incidence rates of Kawasaki disease are highest in Japan, followed by other East Asian countries and surrounding regions.
• A trend of increasing incidence rates is observed in many countries worldwide.
• Key epidemiological features, including sex ratio and age distribution, show no significant international variations.

Conclusions:

• Kawasaki disease epidemiology is characterized by a distinct geographical pattern with high prevalence in East Asia.
• The rising incidence rates globally necessitate continued surveillance and research.
• Despite geographical variations in incidence, fundamental epidemiological profiles are consistent across populations.