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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Novel Percutaneous Approach for Deployment of 3D Printed Coronary Stenosis Implants in Swine Models of Ischemic Heart Disease
Published on: February 18, 2020
[Coronary angioplasty: view through 30 years]
Iu N Belenkov1, A N Samko, T A Batyraliev
1Cardiology Research Complex, ul Tretiya Cherepkovskaya, 15a, Moscow, Russia.
Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have evolved significantly since 1977, becoming the leading method for coronary revascularization. Despite advancements like drug-eluting stents, challenges such as restenosis and thrombosis persist.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Interventional Cardiology
Context:
- The evolution of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) since the first successful procedure in 1977.
- PCI has become the predominant method for coronary revascularization, surpassing bypass surgery in many regions.
Purpose:
- To review the historical development and advancements in PCI techniques and technologies.
- To highlight the impact of new catheter technologies on treating complex coronary artery disease.
- To discuss the limitations and complications associated with current PCI technologies, including bare-metal and drug-eluting stents.
Summary:
- The review traces the progression of PCI from its inception, detailing improvements in equipment, pharmacological support, and procedural recommendations.
- It emphasizes the widespread adoption of PCI, with millions performed globally each year, and the rise of coronary stenting, particularly drug-eluting stents.
- Key challenges such as coronary restenosis with bare-metal stents and late thrombosis with drug-eluting stents are identified as ongoing limitations.
Impact:
- PCI is now the most common revascularization strategy for ischemic heart disease globally.
- Continued innovation in PCI is crucial for overcoming existing limitations and improving patient outcomes.
- The review provides a comprehensive overview of the successes and challenges in the field of interventional cardiology.
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