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Central pattern generators for social vocalization: androgen-dependent neurophysiological mechanisms.

Andrew H Bass1, Luke Remage-Healey

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ahb3@cornell.edu

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Androgenic steroids rapidly modulate vocal central pattern generators (CPGs) in fish and amphibians. Long-term treatments can masculinize female frog vocalizations, revealing conserved mechanisms for social communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Physiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neural circuits controlling rhythmic behaviors.
  • Most research on vertebrate CPGs focuses on locomotion and respiration.
  • The role of androgens in vocal CPGs, especially in ectotherms, is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of androgenic steroids on the temporal patterning of CPGs for social vocalization in teleost fish and amphibians.
  • To explore rapid and long-term effects of androgens on vocal CPG output.
  • To identify conserved androgen-dependent mechanisms in vocal motor patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings of fictive vocalizations in teleost fish and anuran amphibians.
  • Application of androgenic steroids and serotonin to modulate neurophysiological output.
  • Comparative analysis across species and reproductive morphs.

Main Results:

  • Androgens rapidly modulate neurophysiological output of vocal CPGs in teleost fish (within minutes).
  • Divergent actions of androgens observed between species and intraspecific male morphs.
  • Long-term androgen treatment masculinizes female frog vocalizations, which remain sensitive to serotonin.

Conclusions:

  • Vocal CPGs in fish and amphibians serve as tractable models for studying androgen-dependent vocal motor patterning.
  • Conserved mechanisms underlying vocal control exist across vertebrate groups.
  • Findings inform understanding of complex vocal CPGs and social behaviors in birds and mammals.