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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
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Complement C3 isoforms in Austrelaps superbus.

Syed Rehana1, R Manjunatha Kini

  • 1Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
|February 12, 2008
PubMed
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Austrelaps superbus has two liver complement C3 (C3) isoforms, AsC3-1 and AsC3-2, originating from distinct genes. These genes, along with venom gland isoforms, show high genomic similarity but exhibit tissue-specific regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Complement C3 is crucial for immune responses, with varying gene numbers across species.
  • Higher organisms typically possess a single C3 gene, unlike lower vertebrates.
  • Cobra venom factor (CVF) is a C3-related protein found in venom glands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin and similarity of C3-like proteins in Austrelaps superbus.
  • To characterize the molecular isoforms of complement C3 in the liver of A. superbus.
  • To understand the genetic basis for tissue-specific expression of C3 and CVF-like genes.

Main Methods:

  • cDNA sequencing of liver C3 isoforms (AsC3-1 and AsC3-2).
  • Real-time quantitative PCR for mRNA expression analysis.
  • Southern blot analysis to determine gene copy number and structure.

Main Results:

  • Identified and sequenced two distinct C3 isoforms (AsC3-1, AsC3-2) from A. superbus liver.
  • Demonstrated that liver and venom gland isoforms are products of four separate genes.
  • Revealed approximately 99% sequence identity in the promoter regions of these four genes.
  • Observed a 144-fold difference in mRNA expression levels between the two liver C3 isoforms.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first report of molecular C3 isoforms in a reptile.
  • Identical genomic sequences for C3/CVF genes result in tissue-specific expression.
  • These genes provide a model for studying tissue-specific gene regulation and differential expression.