Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neurons: The Axon01:21

Neurons: The Axon

Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment.
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to cellular...
Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

Overview
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The health of children adopted from Romania.

JAMA·1992
Same author

Workers' comp: more confusion over dispute resolution.

Texas medicine·1992
Same author

Epididymo-orchitis developing as a late manifestation of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and masquerading as a primary testicular malignancy: a report of 2 cases.

The Journal of urology·1992
Same author

Maintenance energy requirement of llamas.

American journal of veterinary research·1992
Same author

Histopathologic and angiographic analysis of coronary artery morphology six months after triple artery angioplasty.

The American journal of cardiology·1992
Same author

Iron deficiency of liver, heart, and brain in newborn infants of diabetic mothers.

The Journal of pediatrics·1992

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision
09:06

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision

Published on: May 20, 2014

Neural network implementation using a single MOST per synapse.

D E Johnson1, J S Marsland, W Eccleston

  • 1Dept. of Electr. Eng. and Electron., Liverpool Univ.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a simple very-large-scale integration (VLSI) artificial neural network using a single metal-oxide semiconductor transistor per synapse. The design efficiently represents neural activity and negative weights, with simulations matching hardware performance.

More Related Videos

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision
09:06

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision

Published on: May 20, 2014

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by biological neural networks.
  • VLSI implementation of ANNs offers potential for efficient, low-power hardware accelerators.
  • Existing ANN hardware designs often face challenges with complexity and weight representation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a simplified VLSI implementation of an artificial neural network.
  • To explore the use of a single n-channel MOS transistor per synapse.
  • To validate the performance of the hardware realization against circuit simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pulse width modulation (PWM) for representing neural activity.
  • Developed a novel technique for manipulating negative weights in the network.
  • Simulated a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network using SPICE circuit simulator.
  • Fabricated and measured the performance of a hardware realization of the MLP network.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a simplified ANN design with a single metal-oxide semiconductor transistor per synapse.
  • Demonstrated effective representation of neural activity and negative weights using PWM and the novel technique.
  • Exhibited strong agreement between SPICE simulations and measured performance of the hardware MLP network.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed VLSI architecture offers a simple and efficient approach for ANN hardware implementation.
  • The combination of PWM and the novel negative weight manipulation technique is effective.
  • The validated simulation results indicate the feasibility and reliability of the hardware design.