Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, which...

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hydrazinoacetic acid is a biosynthetic precursor of the bacterially produced nitramine, <i>N</i>-nitroglycine.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2026

Same author

Dynamic soil columns simulate Arctic redox biogeochemistry and carbon release during changes in water saturation.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

WNT7A-positive dendritic cytonemes control synaptogenesis in cortical neurons.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2024

Same author

Genomic insights into redox-driven microbial processes for carbon decomposition in thawing Arctic soils and permafrost.

mSphere·2024

Same author

ePRINT: exonuclease assisted mapping of protein-RNA interactions.

Genome biology·2024

Same author

Activity assays of NnlA homologs suggest the natural product <i>N</i>-nitroglycine is degraded by diverse bacteria.

Beilstein journal of organic chemistry·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Acetamido sugar biosynthesis in the Euryarchaea.

Seema C Namboori¹, David E Graham

¹Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

Journal of Bacteriology

|February 12, 2008

Summary

Archaea utilize a bacterial pathway for N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthesis, crucial for protein modification. Researchers identified key enzymes in Methanococcus maripaludis, revealing conserved mechanisms for essential sugar production.

More Related Videos

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Published on: February 17, 2017

$Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems$

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems

Published on: September 23, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Published on: February 17, 2017

$Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems$

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems

Published on: September 23, 2021

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Microbiology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Archaea and eukaryotes share protein N-glycosylation systems involving N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc).
Methanococcales archaea employ a bacterial pathway for GlcNAc biosynthesis, necessitating identification of specific enzymes.
Comparative sequence analysis is challenging due to large protein families with diverse functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize genes encoding acetamido sugar-biosynthetic proteins in Methanococcus maripaludis.
To elucidate the specific enzymatic activities involved in the archaeal GlcNAc and UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronate (ManNAcA) biosynthesis pathway.

Main Methods:

Phylogenetic analysis and gene cluster analysis were used to identify candidate genes.
Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified.
Enzymatic assays were performed to determine the function of the purified proteins.

Main Results:

MMP1680 was identified as a glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase.
MMP1077 functions as a glucosamine-6-phosphate to glucosamine-1-phosphate phosphomutase.
MJ1101 catalyzes GlcNAc formation, MMP0705 catalyzes UDP-GlcNAc epimerization, and MMP0706 produces UDP-ManNAcA.
The identified enzymes show similarity to bacterial enzymes involved in lipopolysaccharide and capsule biosynthesis.
UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis pathways are ancient in the euryarchaeal lineage.

Conclusions:

The study successfully identified key enzymes in the bacterial-type GlcNAc and ManNAcA biosynthesis pathway in Methanococcales.
These findings suggest a common evolutionary origin and widespread distribution of ManNAcA biosynthesis.
The identified pathways are crucial for archaeal protein modifications and coenzyme biosynthesis.