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Related Concept Videos

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation Method for Long-Term and Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells
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Telomeres, stem cells, and hematology.

Peter M Lansdorp1

  • 1Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. plansdor@bccrc.ca

Blood
|February 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Telomeres shorten with cell division, triggering aging and senescence. Telomere length maintenance by telomerase is crucial for cell proliferation and preventing genome instability, impacting aging and cancer progression.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres are protective caps on chromosome ends that shorten with each cell division.
  • Critically short telomeres activate DNA damage responses, leading to apoptosis or senescence.
  • Telomere length is maintained by telomerase, especially in germ cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of telomeres and telomerase in human biology.
  • To explore the implications of telomere attrition in aging and cancer.
  • To highlight the impact of telomerase gene mutations on cellular function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and historical perspective on telomere research.
  • Discussion of cellular mechanisms involving telomere shortening and DNA damage response.

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  • Analysis of the role of telomerase in germline and somatic cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Progressive telomere shortening limits cell proliferation and contributes to aging.
    • Accumulation of uncapped telomeres triggers senescence or apoptosis, impacting cell count.
    • Dysfunctional telomere maintenance can lead to genome instability and facilitate malignant progression.
    • Reduced telomerase levels, due to genetic mutations, illustrate the critical role of telomeres in human health.

    Conclusions:

    • Telomeres and telomerase are central to cell proliferation, aging, and cancer.
    • Telomere attrition acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism but also contributes to age-related cell loss.
    • Understanding telomere biology is crucial for addressing age-related diseases and cancer.