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Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
09:31

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Integrase, LEDGF/p75 and HIV replication.

E M Poeschla1

  • 1Guggenheim 18, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester 55905, USA. emp@mayo.edu

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|February 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

HIV integration into host cell DNA relies on LEDGF/p75, a protein that tethers viral integrase to chromatin. Understanding this interaction is key for developing new antiviral therapies and gene therapy vectors.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) integrates its genome into host cell chromosomes during replication.
  • The cellular mechanisms governing HIV integration, particularly the interaction between viral components and host chromatin, are not fully understood.
  • LEDGF/p75 is a nuclear protein implicated as a key factor in mediating HIV integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of LEDGF/p75 in the cellular process of HIV integration.
  • To investigate how LEDGF/p75 interacts with the viral pre-integration complex and host chromatin.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the LEDGF/p75-integrase interaction for antiviral strategies and gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Studies involving the depletion or manipulation of LEDGF/p75 levels in cells.

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes
10:34

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
09:31

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes
10:34

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2017

  • Analysis of the interaction between LEDGF/p75 and HIV integrase.
  • Investigation of the impact of LEDGF/p75 on the genome-wide integration site selection of HIV.

    • Main Results:

    • LEDGF/p75 acts as a crucial chromatin docking factor for lentiviral pre-integration complexes.
    • This protein tethers HIV integrase to chromatin and protects it from degradation.
    • LEDGF/p75 significantly influences the pattern of HIV integration across the host genome.
    • Depletion of LEDGF/p75 or overexpression of its integrase-binding domain inhibits viral replication.

    Conclusions:

    • LEDGF/p75 is essential for efficient HIV integration by bridging viral integrase and host chromatin.
    • Targeting the LEDGF/p75-integrase interaction presents a promising avenue for novel antiviral therapies against HIV.
    • Understanding this interaction is vital for improving the safety and efficacy of lentiviral vectors in gene therapy applications.