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Correction: Hernández-Fuentes et al. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Infusion as a Functional Beverage: Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Capacity, and Its Potential Role in the Prevention of Metabolopathies. <i>Life</i> 2025, <i>15</i>, 636.

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Global Analysis of Nutritional Factors and Cardiovascular Risk: Insights from Worldwide Data and a Case Study in Mexican Children.

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Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
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GC-MS method development and validation for anabolic steroids in feed samples.

Roberto Muñiz-Valencia1, Silvia G Ceballos-Magaña, Raquel Gonzalo-Lumbreras

  • 1Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Separation Science
|February 12, 2008
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new GC-MS method accurately detects anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in piglet feed. This validated method ensures feed safety by quantifying illegal growth promoters.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Safety
  • Veterinary Science

Background:

  • Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are prohibited growth promoters in animal feed.
  • Accurate detection methods are crucial for ensuring food safety and regulatory compliance.
  • Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or specificity required for complex feed matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a sensitive and specific Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method for determining AAS in piglet feed.
  • To establish a reliable analytical procedure for the confirmatory analysis of illegal growth promoters.

Main Methods:

  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) with Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) for enhanced sensitivity.
  • Derivatization using N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide to form volatile steroid derivatives.
  • Optimized sample preparation including leaching, saponification, and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE).
  • Validation according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC criteria for quantitative confirmatory methods.

Main Results:

  • The method achieved optimal steroid separation in 18 minutes using a Zebron ZB-5 column.
  • Extraction efficiencies ranged from 78-98%, with low limits of quantification (CCbeta) between 18-35 µg/kg.
  • Excellent repeatability (<8.2%) and within-laboratory reproducibility (<12.2%) were demonstrated.
  • High accuracy (99-103%) and robustness were confirmed through validation studies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed GC-MS/SIM method is suitable for the routine, confirmatory analysis of AAS in piglet feed.
  • The method provides a reliable tool for monitoring and controlling the illegal use of growth promoters in animal agriculture.
  • This validated approach contributes to safeguarding animal health and consumer safety.