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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

P Hornbeck¹, S E Winston, S A Fuller

¹University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology

|February 12, 2008

Summary

This study details six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems for detecting antibodies and antigens. These methods utilize solid-phase binding and enzyme-conjugated detection for quantifiable results.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biochemistry
Assay Development

Background:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are crucial for detecting biomolecules.
Standard ELISA protocols often require optimization for specific analytes and sample types.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe six distinct ELISA systems for detecting specific antibodies, soluble antigens, or cell-surface antigens.
To provide protocols for optimizing ELISA performance and preparing necessary reagents.

Main Methods:

Utilizing solid-phase reactants (adsorbed antigens/antibodies or cell-associated molecules) to capture analytes.
Employing enzyme-conjugated secondary or tertiary reactants for signal amplification.
Detecting analyte presence and quantity via chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate hydrolysis.

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Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT): Quantification of Th-1 Cellular Immune Responses Against Microbial Antigens

Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT): Quantification of Th-1 Cellular Immune Responses Against Microbial Antigens

Published on: November 23, 2010

An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions

An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions

Published on: March 14, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT): Quantification of Th-1 Cellular Immune Responses Against Microbial Antigens

Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT): Quantification of Th-1 Cellular Immune Responses Against Microbial Antigens

Published on: November 23, 2010

An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions

An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions

Published on: March 14, 2016

Main Results:

Demonstrated the successful application of six ELISA systems for diverse detection targets.
Established proportionality between generated signal and analyte concentration.
Provided support protocols for assay optimization and antigen preparation.

Conclusions:

The described ELISA systems offer versatile and quantifiable methods for antibody and antigen detection.
Optimization protocols enhance assay reliability and applicability.
These methods are valuable for various immunological and biochemical research applications.