Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
Transformation01:26

Transformation

Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hypertension Is Associated with White Matter Disruption in Apparently Healthy Middle-Aged Individuals.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2018
Same author

Genome-wide meta-analyses of smoking behaviors in African Americans.

Translational psychiatry·2012
Same author

Growth and manipulation of yeast.

Current protocols in protein science·2008
Same author

Preparation of yeast media.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2008
Same author

Manipulation of cloned yeast DNA.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2008
Same author

Yeast cloning vectors and genes.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2008
Same journal

Nondenaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis: Preparation and Analysis of DNA.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2021
Same journal

Purification and Concentration of DNA from Aqueous Solutions: Preparation and Analysis of DNA.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2021
Same journal

Expression of Proteins Using Semliki Forest Virus Vectors: Protein Expression.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2021
Same journal

Methylation and Uracil Interference Assays for Analysis of Protein-DNA Interactions: DNA-Protein Interactions.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2021
Same journal

Separation of Double- and Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids Using Hydroxylapatite Chromatography: Preparation and Analysis of DNA.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2021
Same journal

Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis: Preparation and Analysis of DNA.

Current protocols in molecular biology·2021
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies
10:47

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies

Published on: July 24, 2017

Introduction of DNA into yeast cells.

D M Becker1, V Lundblad

  • 1Stanford Law School, Stanford, California, USA.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
|February 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The lithium acetate method is a fast yeast transformation protocol, while electroporation offers higher efficiency for certain strains, especially with limited DNA. Both methods are compared for their speed and effectiveness in yeast genetic research.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast
06:53

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast

Published on: February 21, 2025

Enzymatic Modification and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Yeast Surface Displayed Proteins
10:54

Enzymatic Modification and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Yeast Surface Displayed Proteins

Published on: May 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies
10:47

A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies

Published on: July 24, 2017

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast
06:53

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast

Published on: February 21, 2025

Enzymatic Modification and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Yeast Surface Displayed Proteins
10:54

Enzymatic Modification and Flow Cytometry Assessment of Yeast Surface Displayed Proteins

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Yeast transformation is crucial for genetic manipulation in molecular biology.
  • Established methods like lithium acetate and spheroplast protocols have limitations in efficiency and ease of use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficiency and practicality of different yeast transformation methods.
  • To provide guidance on selecting the optimal transformation technique based on strain and DNA availability.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of the lithium acetate yeast transformation protocol.
  • Presentation of the spheroplast yeast transformation procedure.
  • Explanation of the electroporation method for yeast transformation.

Main Results:

  • Lithium acetate protocol offers moderate efficiency (10^5–10^6 transformants/µg) and reasonable speed.
  • Spheroplast method achieves comparable efficiency but is more complex and time-consuming.
  • Electroporation is the fastest method, providing high efficiency for some strains, particularly with limited DNA, but saturates at low DNA levels.

Conclusions:

  • Electroporation is ideal for specific applications requiring speed and high efficiency with limited DNA.
  • Lithium acetate protocol remains a widely applicable and efficient method for general yeast transformation.
  • Method selection depends on strain characteristics, DNA quantity, and desired transformation efficiency.