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Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...

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Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of Genome-wide Chromatin Conformation Capture Libraries from Tightly Staged Early Drosophila Embryos

Generation of Genome-wide Chromatin Conformation Capture Libraries from Tightly Staged Early Drosophila Embryos

Published on: October 3, 2018

Chromatin assembly using Drosophila systems.

Dmitry V Fyodorov¹, Mark E Levenstein

¹University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology

|February 12, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new Drosophila ATP-dependent system creates highly defined nucleosome arrays for studying chromatin structure. This method yields periodic arrays with physiological spacing, crucial for in vitro chromatin research.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Chromatin Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Studying chromatin structure and activity in vitro requires reliable methods for generating nucleosome arrays.
Existing methods may not fully replicate the complexity and organization of native chromatin.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an ATP-dependent chromatin assembly system.
To produce extended nucleosome arrays with precise protein content and organization.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Drosophila ATP-dependent chromatin assembly system.
Characterized the resulting nucleosome arrays for periodicity and positioning.

Main Results:

The system successfully generated extended nucleosome arrays.
The arrays exhibited high periodicity and physiological nucleosome spacing and positioning.
The assembled chromatin closely mimics bulk chromatin from cell nuclei.

Conclusions:

The Drosophila ATP-dependent system is effective for creating in vitro chromatin.
This system provides a valuable tool for studying chromatin structure and activity.