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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Zinc-finger Nuclease Enhanced Gene Targeting in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
12:13

Zinc-finger Nuclease Enhanced Gene Targeting in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: August 23, 2014

Human somatic cell gene targeting.

Todd Waldman1, Carolyn Lee, Tagvor G Nishanian

  • 1Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C, USA.

Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
|February 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human somatic cell gene targeting enables precise gene knockout in human cells, similar to knockout mice. This genetic tool allows detailed study of gene function and mutations in human cells, both in vitro and in vivo.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gene targeting is crucial for understanding gene function.
  • Existing methods for gene knockout in human cells are limited.
  • Knockout mice provide a model, but human cell studies are essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present protocols for human somatic cell gene targeting.
  • To enable precise gene knockout in human cells.
  • To facilitate the study of gene function in human genetic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Development of protocols for homologous recombination in human somatic cells.
  • Utilizing gene targeting to create specific gene knockouts.
  • Establishing methods for validating gene modifications.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of gene targeting in human somatic cells.
  • Generation of cell lines with precisely knocked-out genes.
  • Demonstration of the utility of these cells for functional studies.

Conclusions:

  • Human somatic cell gene targeting is a powerful and feasible technology.
  • This method allows for genetic studies analogous to knockout mice but in human cells.
  • The presented protocols facilitate research into human gene function and disease.