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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
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Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Published on: May 23, 2021

[Early spondyloarthritis].

E Märker-Hermann1

  • 1Klinik Innere Medizin IV, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken GmbH Wiesbaden, Aukammallee 39, 65191, Wiesbaden. Elisabeth.Maerker-Hermann@HSK-Wiesbaden.de

Der Internist
|February 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Spondyloarthritides (SpA) are key considerations for early arthritis and back pain. New diagnostic tools and therapies are improving the management of SpA, including reactive arthritis.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Context:

  • Spondyloarthritides (SpA) present diagnostic challenges in early arthritis, often with low back pain.
  • Reactive arthritis, linked to infections, can manifest as acute or chronic joint inflammation.
  • The SpA spectrum includes ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease-associated SpA.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the diagnostic importance of SpA in early arthritis.
  • To discuss the spectrum and characteristics of reactive arthritis within SpA.
  • To emphasize the growing research focus on early undifferentiated SpA due to advanced therapies.

Summary:

  • SpA encompasses a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the spine and joints.
  • Reactive arthritis is a significant SpA subtype triggered by bacterial infections.

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Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
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  • Effective therapies and diagnostic algorithms are advancing SpA management, particularly for early and undifferentiated cases.

    • Impact:

    • Improved diagnostic accuracy for early arthritis and related conditions.
    • Enhanced understanding of reactive arthritis pathogenesis and clinical course.
    • Facilitation of timely and targeted therapeutic interventions for SpA patients.