Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

4.1K
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
4.1K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

4.6K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.6K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

2.9K
No description available
2.9K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

16.2K
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
16.2K
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

6.6K
In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond the lab: a review on neurophysiological mental states assessment in real-world settings.

Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)·2026
Same author

Mapping the Human Performance Envelope Through Multivariate Information Transfer.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

EEG Correlates of Upper Limb Function During the Box and Block Test After Stroke.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same author

Investigating the role of therapist-patient interaction during robot-assisted gait training after incomplete spinal cord injury: the INTER-RO-GAIT randomized controlled trial.

Trials·2026
Same author

Multi-method characterization of neurophysiological and biological stress responses in surgical teams during real surgical procedures.

Frontiers in neuroergonomics·2026
Same author

Imagined movement modulates cardiac-cortico-cortical and cardiac-cortico-cerebellar oscillatory networks.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Metabolically Faithful 3D PET Restoration via Volumetric Swin Transformers.

Neuroinformatics·2026
Same journal

CytoCLIP: Learning Cytoarchitectural Characteristics in Developing Human Brain Using Contrastive Language Image Pre-Training.

Neuroinformatics·2026
Same journal

Increasing the Reliability of Functional Connectivity by Predicting Long-Scan Functional Connectivity based on Short-Scan Functional Connectivity: Model Exploration, Explanation, Validation, and Application.

Neuroinformatics·2026
Same journal

HESREN: A Derivative-Informed Reservoir Framework for Detecting Transient Neural Events and Windowless Estimation of Dynamic Functional Connectivity.

Neuroinformatics·2026
Same journal

Computational Morphometry of Peripheral Nerves: A Pipeline Perspective on Reproducibility and Generalization.

Neuroinformatics·2026
Same journal

Multimodal Branched Transport Infers Anatomically Aligned Brain Reaction Maps.

Neuroinformatics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
08:25

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

3.3K

Cortical network dynamics during foot movements.

Fabrizio De Vico Fallani1, Laura Astolfi, Febo Cincotti

  • 1Interdep. Research Centre for Models and Information Analysis in Biomedical Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, Corso V. Emanuele, 244, 00186 Rome, Italy. fabrizio.devicofallani@uniroma1.it

Neuroinformatics
|February 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals brain network dynamics during foot movement preparation and execution using EEG. The cingulate motor areas act as hubs during execution, while network efficiency peaks during preparation.

More Related Videos

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms
08:51

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Published on: November 1, 2019

6.1K
Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks
16:33

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Published on: October 22, 2011

39.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
08:25

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

3.3K
Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms
08:51

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Published on: November 1, 2019

6.1K
Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks
16:33

Functional Calcium Imaging in Developing Cortical Networks

Published on: October 22, 2011

39.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Network Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding cerebral network dynamics is crucial for motor control research.
  • High-resolution EEG provides insights into real-time brain activity.
  • Previous studies have explored brain connectivity, but detailed analysis during specific motor tasks is ongoing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the dynamic changes in cerebral networks during foot movement preparation and execution.
  • To identify key brain regions and network properties involved in motor tasks.
  • To analyze spectral and topological characteristics of brain networks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) to estimate cortical activity.
  • Employed adaptive multivariate autoregressive models to analyze time-series relationships among 16 regions of interest (ROIs).
  • Calculated graph theory indexes to assess the weighted topology of cerebral networks in Alpha (7-12 Hz) and Beta (13-29 Hz) bands.

Main Results:

  • Significant structural changes in brain networks were observed, particularly in the Beta band.
  • Cingulate motor areas (CM) emerged as network hubs during foot movement execution, with extensive outgoing connections.
  • Network connectivity patterns shifted across task stages, showing peak efficiency during preparation, evidenced by a 'small-world' network topology.

Conclusions:

  • Brain network dynamics, especially in the Beta band, are critical for foot movement control.
  • The cingulate motor areas play a central role as network hubs during motor execution.
  • The preparation phase of foot movement is characterized by highly efficient network communication, exhibiting small-world properties.