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Related Concept Videos

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value

In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
Sensitivity is the...

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Panic-relevant predictability preferences: a laboratory test.

Andrew R Yartz1, Michael J Zvolensky, Amit Bernstein

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|February 13, 2008
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Summary

Participants preferred predictable challenges with carbon dioxide (CO-sub-2) over unpredictable ones, even when anxiety levels were similar. Women showed a stronger preference for predictability in this anxiety study.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Anxiety Research

Background:

  • Anxiety disorders are often linked to unpredictability.
  • Understanding predictability preference is crucial for anxiety treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of instructed safety periods in predictability preference.
  • To examine anxiety responses to predictable versus unpredictable carbon dioxide (CO-sub-2) challenges.
  • To explore gender differences in predictability preference.

Main Methods:

  • 160 young adults underwent a single-session challenge paradigm.
  • Recurrent administrations of 20% carbon dioxide (CO-sub-2) enriched air were used.
  • Participants experienced both predictable and unpredictable CO-sub-2 trials with instructed safety periods.

Main Results:

  • Anxiety levels were comparable during predictable and unpredictable CO-sub-2 administrations.
  • Participants preferred predictable CO-sub-2 trials over unpredictable ones.
  • Women exhibited a stronger preference for predictability than men.
  • Lower anxiety was reported during predictable safety periods (room air), but not during CO-sub-2 challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Predictability is preferred even when it does not reduce anxiety during CO-sub-2 challenges.
  • Gender influences predictability preference in the context of anxiety.
  • Findings have implications for understanding and treating anxiety and its disorders.