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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing

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Published on: July 3, 2016

Form, function, and fitness: pathways to survival.

James B Johnson¹, D Brent Burt, Thomas J Dewitt

¹Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. jamesbjohnson@tamu.edu

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution

|February 13, 2008

Summary

Anuran tadpole morphology influences survival through tail lure effects, not improved swimming. This study supports the tail lure hypothesis for predator evasion in tadpoles.

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Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Ecology
Zoology

Background:

Predation risk is a significant selective pressure on anuran tadpoles.
Two hypotheses explain how tadpole morphology may reduce predation: enhanced swimming or tail luring.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the hypotheses that anuran tadpole morphology reduces predation risk by improving escape swimming performance or by using the tail as a lure.
To investigate the direct and indirect effects of morphology on fitness, mediated by swimming performance.

Main Methods:

Utilized a modified morphology, performance, and fitness path analysis.
Included indirect effects of morphology on fitness via burst swimming speed.
Assessed direct paths from morphology to survival against dragonfly larvae predators.

Main Results:

Tadpole morphology influenced burst swimming speed, but swimming speed did not affect survival.
Fast tadpoles were larger, with long tails, deep tail muscles, and small bodies.
A tail lure morphology trait showed a direct positive relationship with survival.

Conclusions:

The tail lure hypothesis for predator evasion in anuran tadpoles is supported.
Morphology's direct effect on survival via the tail lure is significant.
Path analysis including direct fitness effects is crucial for evaluating selection hypotheses.