Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Organization of the Brain01:31

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The superior colliculus gates dopamine responses to conditioned stimuli in visual classical conditioning.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Flexible and transparent microelectrode arrays for simultaneous fMRI and single-spike recording in subcortical networks.

Biomedical physics & engineering express·2025
Same author

Brainstem Neuroadaptations in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease.

The European journal of neuroscience·2025
Same author

EEG-fMRI in awake rat and whole-brain simulations show decreased brain responsiveness to sensory stimulations during absence seizures.

eLife·2024
Same author

Subcortical Contribution to the Role of the Basal Ganglia in Action Selection.

Current neuropharmacology·2024
Same author

Simulated Dopamine Modulation of a Neurorobotic Model of the Basal Ganglia.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
12:04

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Published on: January 6, 2011

Brainstem interactions with the basal ganglia.

Peter Redgrave1, Véronique Coizet

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK. P.Redgrave@sheffield.ac.uk

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|November 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review outlines basal ganglia architecture and function, emphasizing brainstem interactions. Understanding normal function is key to comprehending basal ganglia disorders like Parkinson's disease.

More Related Videos

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats
10:46

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Published on: June 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
12:04

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Published on: January 6, 2011

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats
10:46

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

Published on: June 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • The basal ganglia are crucial subcortical nuclei in the brain.
  • Dysfunctions in these nuclei are linked to debilitating conditions such as Parkinson's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review basal ganglia architecture and its interactions with brainstem structures.
  • To explore the functional implications of basal ganglia networks for understanding neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on basal ganglia neuroanatomy.
  • Analysis of basal ganglia-brainstem interactions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed outline of basal ganglia structural organization.
  • Emphasis on the interconnectedness of basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding normal basal ganglia function is essential for elucidating disease mechanisms.
  • Insights into basal ganglia networks can advance the study of Parkinson's disease and related disorders.