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Clamper Circuit

A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of a Human iPSC-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Chip
10:20

Generation of a Human iPSC-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Chip

Published on: March 2, 2020

The pRAM: an adaptive VLSI chip.

T G Clarkson1, C K Ng, Y Guan

  • 1Dept. of Electron. and Electr. Eng., King's Coll., London.

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The probabilistic RAM (pRAM) is a neuron-like hardware device. This adaptive chip uses on-chip reinforcement learning for pattern recognition tasks.

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of a Human iPSC-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Chip
10:20

Generation of a Human iPSC-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Chip

Published on: March 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computer Engineering
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • The probabilistic RAM (pRAM) is a nonlinear stochastic device exhibiting neuron-like behavior.
  • Hardware realization of pRAM technology is feasible, with a third-generation VLSI chip developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the third-generation VLSI pRAM chip.
  • To demonstrate the adaptive capabilities of the pRAM chip through on-chip learning algorithms and adaptable interconnections.
  • To present results from a pattern-recognition task utilizing a pRAM network and reinforcement training.

Main Methods:

  • Development and description of a third-generation VLSI pRAM chip.
  • Implementation of on-chip learning algorithms utilizing reinforcement training.
  • Configuration of adaptive interconnections between pRAM neurons.
  • Testing a small network of pRAMs on a pattern-recognition task.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of a third-generation VLSI pRAM chip.
  • Demonstration of on-chip adaptive learning using reinforcement training.
  • Adaptability of pRAM interconnections shown.
  • Positive results from a pattern-recognition task performed by a pRAM network.

Conclusions:

  • The pRAM chip is a viable hardware implementation of a neuron-like device.
  • On-chip reinforcement learning enables adaptive behavior in pRAM networks.
  • pRAM technology shows promise for pattern-recognition applications.