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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Published on: February 28, 2017

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid: solid perspectives for clinical application.

Nadia Sessarego¹, Alessia Parodi, Marina Podestà

¹Centro Cellule Staminali e Terapia Cellulare, Ospedale San Martino, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova Italy.

|February 13, 2008

Summary

Amniotic fluid is a promising source for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine. These fetal MSCs expand well, are chromosomally stable, and possess immunosuppressive properties, making them suitable for cell therapy applications.

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Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications

Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Published on: February 28, 2017

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications

Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications

Published on: December 21, 2014

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine
Stem Cell Research

Background:

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show promise in regenerative medicine.
Bone marrow-derived MSCs may have insufficient yields for clinical applications.
Alternative sources of MSCs are needed for cell therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore amniotic fluid as a source of mesenchymal stromal cells.
To assess the safety and expansion potential of amniotic fluid-derived MSCs.
To validate chromosomal stability for potential cell therapy use.

Main Methods:

Isolation and expansion of MSCs from second-trimester amniotic fluid.
Optimization of culture conditions for large-scale MSC production.
Analysis of chromosomal stability, in vitro transformation, and in vivo tumorigenicity.

Main Results:

MSCs from amniotic fluid showed significantly greater expansion than bone marrow-derived MSCs at low plating densities.
Amniotic fluid MSCs are a homogeneous population of immature cells with immunosuppressive properties and high proliferative potential.
No karyotypic abnormalities, in vitro transformation, or in vivo tumorigenic effects were observed.

Conclusions:

Fetal mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid can be extensively expanded safely.
These cells possess desirable characteristics for cell therapy, including immunosuppression and proliferative capacity.
Amniotic fluid is a viable source for banking MSCs for large-scale therapeutic needs.