Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Gain01:15

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Use of 99mTc-tetrofosmin scintigraphy in the diagnosis of patients with hyperparathyroidism].

Revista espanola de medicina nuclear·1998
Same author

[Psoas muscle abscess. Description of a series of 19 cases].

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica·1998
Same author

Genetic localisation of mental retardation with spastic diplegia to the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome: X inactivation in female carriers.

Journal of medical genetics·1998
Same author

Acute disseminated candidiasis in a puppy associated with parvoviral infection.

The Veterinary record·1998
Same author

[Surgical treatment of lung abscesses].

Revista do Hospital das Clinicas·1998
Same author

[Risperidone in the treatment of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms].

Actas luso-espanolas de neurologia, psiquiatria y ciencias afines·1998

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Effects of phase shifts on four-beam interference patterns.

A Fernandez, D W Phillion

    Applied Optics
    |February 13, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Phase changes significantly impact interference patterns from four coherent plane waves. Optimal contrast requires consistent phase alignment; even a slight shift degrades pattern quality for microstructuring applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Wave Phenomena
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Coherent addition of multiple plane waves creates complex interference patterns.
    • These patterns are crucial for microfabrication techniques like photolithography.
    • Controlling interference pattern quality is essential for high-resolution printing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze how relative phase shifts affect interference patterns from four coherent plane waves.
    • To investigate the utility of specific interference configurations for printing microstructures.
    • To understand the implications of phase sensitivity on lithographic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of interference patterns formed by four converging plane waves.
    • Examination of different polarization vector configurations.

    More Related Videos

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
    10:39

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

    Published on: October 11, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
    08:39

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

    Published on: January 28, 2019

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
    12:14

    The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

    Published on: August 12, 2013

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
    10:39

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

    Published on: October 11, 2016

  • Simulation and analysis of intensity distributions under varying phase conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Interference pattern shape strongly depends on phase differences between beams.
    • Identical phase constants yield perfectly modulated patterns with high contrast.
    • A phase shift of pi in any beam drastically reduces modulation and contrast.

    Conclusions:

    • Precise phase control is critical for generating high-contrast interference patterns.
    • Phase sensitivity is a general characteristic of multi-beam interference with collinear electric fields.
    • These findings have direct implications for optimizing multi-beam lithography.