Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

Wave Parameters

Wave Parameters

The simplest mechanical waves are associated with simple harmonic motion and repeat themselves for several cycles. These simple harmonic waves can be modeled using a combination of sine and cosine functions. Consider a simplified surface water wave that moves across the water's surface. Unlike complex ocean waves, in surface water waves, water moves vertically, oscillating up and down, whereas the disturbance of the wave moves horizontally through the medium. If a seagull is floating on the...

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Electro-optic probe measurements of electric fields in plasmas.

The Review of scientific instruments·2017

Same author

Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis in 2 Patients with Takayasu's Arteritis.

Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis·2017

Same author

Patient-controlled bolus femoral nerve block after knee arthroplasty: quadriceps recovery, analgesia, local anesthetic consumption.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2016

Same author

Importance of Neurogenic Bladder as a Cause of Drainage Failure.

Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis·2016

Same author

Does surgery improve live birth rates in patients with recurrent miscarriage caused by uterine anomalies?

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·2014

Same author

Shack Hartmann wave-front measurement with a large F-number plastic microlens array.

Applied optics·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Wave-front design algorithm for shaping a quasi-far-field pattern.

G Y Yoon, S Matsuoka, T Jitsuno

|February 13, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a modified phase-retrieval algorithm for creating continuous wave-front distributions. The new method efficiently shapes beams using deformable mirrors with high energy concentration.

More Related Videos

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Published on: August 21, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations

Published on: August 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Optics
Wavefront Engineering
Computational Physics

Background:

Deformable mirrors are crucial for adaptive optics and beam shaping.
Designing continuous wavefronts for precise beam control remains a challenge.
Existing phase retrieval methods can lead to discontinuities, complicating mirror implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a robust phase-retrieval algorithm for generating fully continuous wavefront distributions.
To enable precise focused beam shaping using deformable mirrors.
To overcome limitations of existing algorithms in producing smooth phase profiles.

Main Methods:

Modified phase-retrieval algorithm incorporating a uniformly distributed phase start.
Application of spatial filtering to the near-field phase during iteration.
Utilized a novel approach avoiding specialized phase unwrapping algorithms.

Main Results:

Achieved a fully continuous wavefront distribution suitable for deformable mirrors.
Successfully transformed a circular defocused beam into a uniform square beam.
Obtained a low spatial frequency wavefront and high energy concentration (>98%).
The resulting square beam exhibited low normalized intensity nonuniformity (0.14).

Conclusions:

The modified phase-retrieval algorithm effectively generates continuous wavefronts for beam shaping.
This method simplifies deformable mirror control by providing smooth phase profiles.
The technique offers high fidelity beam transformation with excellent energy efficiency.