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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

[Systemic sclerosis and hypothyroidism].

Olga Lidia Vera-Lastra1, Gabriela Medina-García, Lidia Guadalupe-Reséndiz-Pérez

  • 1Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México D.F., México. olgavera62@yahoo.com.mx

Gaceta Medica De Mexico
|February 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in Mexican patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), particularly subclinical hypothyroidism. Early diagnosis and hormone replacement therapy are crucial for managing this common comorbidity in SSc.

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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is a known comorbidity in autoimmune conditions.
  • The prevalence of hypothyroidism in Mexican SSc patients requires investigation.

Purpose:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (AbATg) in Mexican patients with SSc.
  • To compare thyroid function and AbATg levels between SSc patients and healthy controls.

Summary:

  • A study of 110 SSc patients and 80 controls found hypothyroidism in 19% of SSc patients versus 1.3% of controls.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism was observed in 35% of SSc patients, with significantly elevated TSH levels.
  • Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (AbATg) were positive in 54% of SSc patients, compared to 2.5% of controls.

Impact:

  • This study highlights a high prevalence of hypothyroidism, especially subclinical, in Mexican SSc patients.
  • Results suggest hypothyroidism should be considered a significant clinical entity in SSc management.
  • Early detection and treatment of hypothyroidism may improve outcomes for SSc patients.