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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
04:08

Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Published on: April 5, 2024

Carpal tunnel syndrome.

Somaiah Aroori1, Roy A J Spence

  • 1Department of Surgery, Level-2, Belfast HSC Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, United Kingdom.

The Ulster Medical Journal
|February 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common nerve disorder, often affecting middle-aged women. While occupational factors may contribute, intrinsic causes like obesity are crucial to consider before diagnosing work-related CTS.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent peripheral neuropathy, frequently impacting middle-aged women.
  • The precise etiology and pathogenesis of CTS remain unclear in most cases.
  • While occupational links exist, evidence for work-related CTS is not definitive, necessitating exclusion of intrinsic factors like obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) diagnosis and management.
  • To explore the role of occupational factors in CTS.
  • To compare surgical treatment outcomes for CTS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including history, physical examination, and electrophysiological studies.

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Metacarpal Small Incision for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
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Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies

Published on: January 11, 2019

  • Comparison of conservative and surgical interventions, including open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release.

    • Main Results:

    • Classic CTS symptoms include nocturnal hand pain, tingling, and numbness in the median nerve distribution.
    • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation, physical tests, and nerve conduction studies, though none are solely diagnostic.
    • Conservative treatment (e.g., steroid injections) is effective for mild cases, while surgery is curative for moderate to severe CTS.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate CTS diagnosis requires integrating patient history, physical examination, and electrophysiological findings.
    • Surgical decompression of the median nerve by dividing the transverse carpal ligament is the definitive treatment for severe CTS.
    • Both open and endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery offer comparable outcomes regarding complications and long-term pain relief, with early recovery favoring surgical intervention.