Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
04:46
The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
Published on: May 13, 2020
8.7K
Testing mechanisms of action for intensive case management
Jon Morgenstern1, Kimberly A Blanchard, Christopher Kahler
1The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University, USA. jm977@columbia.edu
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|February 14, 2008
Summary
Intensive case management (ICM) improved drug abstinence for women on welfare by increasing treatment engagement. Case manager contact was a key mediator, especially for those with lower initial treatment attendance.
Area of Science:
- Addiction research
- Public health interventions
- Social work
Background:
- Substance use disorders disproportionately affect women on welfare.
- Effective interventions are needed to support long-term drug abstinence in this population.
- Intensive case management (ICM) is a potential strategy to improve treatment engagement and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors predicting, mediating, or moderating the effects of ICM on longer-term drug abstinence in women on welfare.
- To test a mediational model examining the pathways through which ICM influences abstinence.
- To explore whether psychological and environmental factors influence treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial comparing ICM to usual care (UC) in 302 drug-dependent women on welfare.
- ICM included incentives for treatment attendance and case management; UC involved referrals.
- Substance use outcomes were assessed over 15 months using interviews, biological, and collateral measures.
Main Results:
- Participants in ICM had more case manager contacts, better treatment engagement, and higher self-help attendance than UC.
- Case management contact emerged as a robust mediator of improved drug abstinence outcomes.
- ICM's positive effects were most pronounced in women with lower initial treatment attendance.
Conclusions:
- Intensive case management is an effective intervention for improving drug abstinence in women on welfare.
- Case management can facilitate engagement with formal drug abuse treatment and, in some cases, substitute for it.
- Treatment engagement, particularly case manager contact, is a critical factor in achieving sustained abstinence.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:29Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions
130
Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
130
01:28Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action
2.8K
Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because...
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because...
2.8K
01:23Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action
3.3K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
3.3K
01:18Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Mechanism of Action
2.6K
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists work by interacting with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft. They can be reversible or irreversible inhibitors and have different effects on the enzyme.
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex,...
Reversible inhibitors like edrophonium bind to a specific part of the enzyme called the anionic catalytic site. They form noncovalent bonds, which means they are not strongly attached to the enzyme. This creates a temporary and less stable enzyme–inhibitor complex,...
2.6K
01:17Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanism of Action
2.9K
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers induce paralysis by competitively blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the muscle end plate. Examples include pancuronium, mivacurium, vecuronium, and rocuronium. These quaternary ammonium derivatives are administered intravenously, are poorly absorbed, and are excreted via the kidneys.
Competitive antagonists prevent acetylcholine from binding to its receptor, inhibiting membrane depolarization. Without conformational changes or intrinsic...
Competitive antagonists prevent acetylcholine from binding to its receptor, inhibiting membrane depolarization. Without conformational changes or intrinsic...
2.9K
01:06Fixed Action Patterns
17.6K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.6K