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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

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Related Experiment Video

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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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Immunomodulators for allergic respiratory disorders.

Thomas B Casale1, Jeffrey R Stokes

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA. tbcasale@creighton.edu

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Novel immunomodulators targeting specific immune pathways show promise for treating allergic diseases like asthma. Human clinical trials are crucial to confirm efficacy and safety, as animal models do not always predict outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advances in understanding allergic and immunologic disease pathogenesis have spurred novel targeted therapies.
  • Numerous immunomodulators are in human clinical trials for asthma and related conditions.
  • In vitro and animal model success does not always translate to human therapeutic utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human clinical trial data on immunomodulators for allergic and immunologic diseases.
  • To discuss the rationale, efficacy, and adverse events of these novel therapeutic agents.
  • To highlight the potential and challenges of targeted immunomodulatory therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human clinical trial data for immunomodulators.
  • Analysis of novel therapeutic approaches including receptor agonists, cytokine blockers, and transcription factor modulators.
  • Evaluation of existing therapies like anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb) omalizumab.

Main Results:

  • Several novel immunomodulators are under investigation, including Toll-like receptor agonists and cytokine blockers.
  • Transcription factor modulators targeting pathways like syk kinase and nuclear factor kappaB are being assessed.
  • Anti-IgE mAb omalizumab is approved for allergic asthma, with ongoing research for other allergic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted immunomodulators offer potential benefits for patients with allergic diseases by inhibiting specific pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Therapeutic success depends on balancing specificity with the immune system's redundancy and disease heterogeneity.
  • Careful evaluation in human trials is essential to determine the true efficacy and safety of these emerging treatments.