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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length, the...
Application of Linearization and Approximation01:29

Application of Linearization and Approximation

A drone flying through complex terrain often relies on more than one sensing method to estimate small changes in altitude. Along with direct measurements, air pressure provides a useful indirect indicator of vertical movement. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, and this relationship is commonly described using an exponential model. Although accurate, converting pressure measurements into altitude values requires calculations that are too complex to perform repeatedly during...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
08:52

Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

Published on: April 30, 2018

A soft-computing methodology for noninvasive time-spatial temperature estimation.

César A Teixeira1, Maria Graça Ruano, António E Ruano

  • 1Centre for Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro Algarve, Portugal. cateixeira@ualg.pt

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|February 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a noninvasive method using ultrasound echo-shifts and neural networks to accurately estimate temperatures during thermal therapies. The developed models offer reliable, low-complexity temperature monitoring for hyperthermia applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

  • Accurate noninvasive temperature estimation is crucial for safe and effective thermal therapies.
  • Current limitations in temperature monitoring restrict the application of treatments like hyperthermia and diathermia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a reliable noninvasive method for estimating temperature during ultrasound-induced hyperthermia.
  • To assess the accuracy and spatial generalization capabilities of the developed temperature estimation models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized temporal echo-shifts of backscattered ultrasound signals from a gel phantom as input for radial basis functions neural networks.
  • Employed a piston-like therapeutic ultrasound transducer for heating and multiobjective genetic algorithms (MOGA) for model optimization.
  • Evaluated model performance based on maximum absolute error and spatial generalization capacity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average maximum absolute error below 0.5 degrees C, meeting the reliability threshold for thermal therapies.
  • Demonstrated successful spatial generalization with some models maintaining accuracy below 0.5 degrees C at unassessed points.
  • Developed models exhibit low implementation complexity suitable for real-time applications.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ultrasound-based neural network models provide a reliable and accurate noninvasive temperature estimation method.
  • This approach enhances the safety and efficacy of thermal therapies by enabling precise temperature monitoring.
  • The low-complexity and spatial generalization capabilities make these models highly suitable for clinical implementation in hyperthermia treatments.