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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Feature- and object-based attentional modulation in the human auditory "where" pathway.

Katrin Krumbholz1, Simon B Eickhoff, Gereon R Fink

  • 1MRC Institute of Hearing Research, University Park Nottingham NG-7 2RD, UK. katrin@ihr.mrc.au.uk

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|February 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Auditory attention can focus on specific sound features or entire objects. This study reveals how attention to auditory motion enhances processing in specific brain areas, impacting auditory perception.

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Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
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Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
08:45

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attentional focus on visual features like color or motion enhances processing in the visual cortex.
  • Attended objects undergo enhanced processing, including their unattended features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if attentional modulation in the auditory system exhibits feature- and object-specific effects, similar to the visual system.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying auditory attention using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to measure brain activity.
  • Participants attended to auditory motion or specific sound objects.
  • Effective connectivity analysis was used to map neural pathways.

Main Results:

  • Attending to auditory motion increased activity in nonprimary motion-sensitive auditory areas (the "where" pathway).
  • Activity in motion-sensitive areas also increased when attention was directed to a moving object, irrespective of the attended feature.
  • Increased connectivity between the primary auditory cortex and nonprimary motion-sensitive areas, potentially mediated by the paracingulate cortex, was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory attention can selectively process both individual features and entire objects.
  • Feature-based attentional modulation suggests that not all features of an attended sound object are processed exhaustively.