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Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...
Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure01:26

Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure

Glomerular filtration, a key process in the kidneys, is regulated by three main pressures: Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
GBHP, with an average value of 55 mmHg, promotes filtration by pushing water and solutes through the filtration membrane. This is balanced by two opposing forces: CHP, a "back pressure" exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid already in the capsular space and renal tubule,...
Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies
08:52

Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies

Published on: May 26, 2023

Bmp in podocytes is essential for normal glomerular capillary formation.

Hiroyuki Ueda1, Yoichi Miyazaki, Taiji Matsusaka

  • 1Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. hi-ro@jikei.ac.jp

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|February 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Podocyte-derived Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) 4 is crucial for glomerular capillary formation. Altering BMP4 function in podocytes impacts kidney development, suggesting paracrine signaling in glomerular morphogenesis.

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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies
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Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies

Published on: May 26, 2023

Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions
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Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions

Published on: July 2, 2020

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
10:14

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Published on: November 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology and Developmental Biology
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology
  • Genetics and Genomics

Background:

  • Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 is known to influence kidney and ureter development.
  • Podocytes play a critical role in glomerular structure and function.
  • Understanding BMP4's role in podocytes is key to deciphering glomerular morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of BMP4 in podocytes during glomerular development.
  • To analyze the effects of altered BMP4 signaling on glomerular structure and capillary formation.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathways involved in BMP4-mediated glomerular morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of transgenic mice with tissue-specific alterations in BMP4 function in podocytes using the nephrin (Nphs1) promoter.
  • Morphological analysis of glomeruli and kidney structures in transgenic mice (Tg(Nphs1-Nog) and Tg(Nphs1-Bmp4)).
  • In situ hybridization for Vegf expression and immunostaining for phosphorylated Smads to investigate signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Loss of BMP4 function in podocytes led to glomerular microaneurysms and collapsed capillary tufts.
  • Increased BMP4 function in podocytes caused defects in glomerular capillary formation.
  • Podocyte-derived BMP4 influenced Vegf expression and signaling in non-podocyte glomerular cells (endothelial/mesangial cells).

Conclusions:

  • Podocyte-derived BMP4 is essential for proper glomerular capillary formation.
  • BMP4 signaling in podocytes appears to act in a paracrine manner on other glomerular cells.
  • This study highlights a novel role for BMP4 in regulating glomerular development and vascularization.