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Related Concept Videos

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation01:29

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation

In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V) valves at the...
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Increased pulse rate

Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
08:45

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Published on: April 18, 2025

Heart spotting.

Hamid el Azzouzi, Leon J De Windt

    Basic Research in Cardiology
    |February 16, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Heart failure involves cellular changes and impaired energy production. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the shift from compensated hypertrophy to energy-depleted heart failure.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cellular Biology
    • Cardiovascular Science

    Background:

    • Cardiac function relies on cellular mass, contractile function, and ATP production.
    • Heart failure is linked to cellular and molecular alterations, including changes in myocyte phenotype.
    • Maintaining myocardial homeostasis is critical for long-term cardiac health.

    Discussion:

    • Cardiac hypertrophy and failure involve chamber remodeling and myocyte changes.
    • Energy metabolism disturbances, including reduced fatty acid oxidation and impaired ATP synthesis, are observed.
    • Altered metabolic protein expression suggests mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure progression.

    Key Insights:

    • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature in the transition to heart failure.

    More Related Videos

    3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis
    06:53

    3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

    Published on: April 12, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

    Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
    08:45

    Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

    Published on: April 18, 2025

    3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis
    06:53

    3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

    Published on: April 12, 2017

  • Impaired fatty acid oxidation and reduced ATP synthesis characterize failing hearts.
  • Cellular adaptations in hypertrophy precede energy metabolism deficits in heart failure.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into mitochondrial function could reveal therapeutic targets for heart failure.
    • Understanding metabolic shifts may lead to novel strategies for managing cardiac hypertrophy.
    • Investigating the link between cellular phenotype and energy metabolism is crucial for heart failure treatment.